Semeru Mount History ~ tour

Semeru semeruGunung history or Sumeru mountain is the highest volcano in Java, with its peak Mahameru, 3.676 meters from sea level. The crater at the summit of Mount Semeru known Jonggring Saloko.

Semeru has Hill dipterocarp forest, dipterocarp forest Upper Montane Forest, and Forest Ericaceous or mountain forests.

The position of this mountain lies between the region and Lumajang pentadbiran Malang regency, with the geographic location between 8 ° 06 'latitude and 120 ° 55' East Longitude.

In 1913 and 1946 Crater Jonggring Saloka have dome with a height of 3744.8 M until the end of November 1973. To the south, the dome is to solve the edge of the crater caused lava flows to the southern portion Pasirian area, Candiputro and Lumajang.

Travel
Climbing to the top of Mount Semeru takes time for four days to go and back. To climb the mountain climber must respect through the city of Malang or Lumajang. Malaysia climbers from the city terminal vehicles can climb to the village lay Overlapping and spliced again by jeep or lorry vehicles there is lots of vegetables in the back of the terminal market Overlapping with a boarding Rp.13.000, - until the Postal Ranu Pani.
Previously we went to Gubugklakah need to invoke the letter of truth, with the details, boarding letter Rp.6.000 truth, - for maxima 10 people, boarding Rp.2.000 per person park entrance and a Rp.2.000 insuran.
Then by using these vehicles, the trip commenced from Overlapping to Ranu Pani, the last village at the foot of Mount Semeru. Here there are checkpoints, there are also stalls and cottages. Climbers can also spend the night at the guard post. In Pos Ranu Pani also there are two lakes namely tasik Ranu Pani (1 ha) and Ranu Regulo lake (0.75 ha). Located at an altitude of 2200 rather than sea level.
After arriving at the gate "welcome", look continues to the left toward the hill, do not follow the wide road to the farm population. In addition to the usual path bypassed the climbers, there is also a shortcut which is used by hikers Tempatan, but this path is very steep.
Initial lane ramps, slopes down the hill covered with reed plants. There are no signs pointing toward the road, but there are signs on every measure of the distance of 100 meters. There are many fallen trees and branches above his head.
After walking about 5 miles down the hillside overgrown Edelweis, and will arrive at Watu Rejeng. Here there is a very beautiful craggy rocks. Very beautiful scenery to the valley and hills, overgrown with pine forest and Pine principal. Sometimes smoke can be seen from the top of Semeru. To go to Ranu Kumbolo still have to continue the journey in about 4.5 km.
In Ranu Kumbolo can establish khemah. There is a lake with water that is clean and has beautiful scenery, especially in the morning to watch the sunrise dicelah hill-gaps. There are lots of fish, birds sometimes wild grouse. Ranu Kumbolo located at an altitude of 2.400 m with an area of 14 acres.
Of Ranu Kumbolo should provide as much water as possible. Leaving Ranu Kumbolo then climb the steep hill, with beautiful views over the lake behind. In front of the hill lies a vast prairie called the Oro-oro Ombo. Oro-oro Ombo surrounded by hills and mountains with beautiful views, large meadow with pine trees on slopes such as in Europe. From the opposite mountain peak of Mount Semeru Kepolo visible smoke menhemburkan wedus trash.
Further into the forest where fir is sometimes found birds and deer. This area is called Cemoro Cage.
Pos Kalimati at an altitude of 2.700 m, can be set up here for berehat khemah. The headings in the form of large meadow at the edge of pine forest, so many available branches to make a bonfire.
There is a spring water source Mani, to the west (right) tracing Kalimati forest edges with a distance of 1 hour round trip. In Kalimati and there are many rats in Arcopodo Mt.
To go Arcopodo turn left (East) runs about 500 meters, then turn right (south) down the little meadow Kalimati. Arcopodo within 1 hour of Kalimati through pine forests which are very steep, with soils prone to landslides and dusty. Can we also camped in Arcopodo, but the terrain is less stable and often collapse. We recommend using goggles and cover your nose because a lot of ash flying. Arcopodo located at an altitude of 2.900 m, Arcopodo is the last area of vegetation on Mount Semeru, the rest will pass through the dunes.
Arcopodo to the summit of Semeru takes 3-4 hours, through a very steep sand dunes and peroi. All items should be brought or left on Arcopodo in Kalimati. Climbing to the summit made the early morning at around 2:00 am from Arcopodo.
At noon the wind cendurung north toward the summit carrying toxic gases from the crater Jonggring Saloka.
The climb should be done in the dry season months of Jun, Julai, Ogos, and September. Should not climb in the rainy season since there are often noisy and soil collapse.
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Poison Gas
At the peak of Mount Semeru (Peak Mahameru) climbers are advised not to crater Jonggring Saloko, also banned from climbing the south side, because of the poisonous gas and lava flows. Mahameru dipuncak temperature range 40-10 degrees Celsius, at the height of the dry season minus 0 degrees Celsius, and ice crystals found. Weather is often foggy, especially at noon, afternoon and evening. The wind was blowing hard, in the month of December to January is often a storm.

Wedus trash eruptions occur every 15-30 minutes away at the peak of Mount Semeru is still active. In November 1997 Gn.Semeru erupted as much as 2990 times. At noon the wind direction to the summit, to avoid it came in the afternoon peak, because of toxic gases and the eruption leads to the summit.

The eruption of white smoke, gray to black with a height of 300-800 meters eruption. The material that comes out at every eruption of ash, sand, gravel, rocks and even the heat is on very dangerous if hikers are too close. In early 1994 the hot lava flowed south slope Gn.Semeru and asked several casualties, hot views of the river winding towards the sea becomes a very interesting spectacle.
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Climate
In general the climate in the area of Mount Semeru, including climate type B (Schmidt and Ferguson) with rainfall 927 mm - 5498 mm per year with the number of rainy days 136 days / year and the rainy season falls in the month of November to April. Semeru dipuncak Temperatures ranged between 0-4 degrees Celsius.

The average temperature ranges between 3 ° C - 8 ° c at night and early morning, whereas during the day ranged between 15 ° c - 21 ° c. Sometimes it happens in some areas a small snowfall that occurs during the rainy season changes to dry season or vice versa. Cold temperatures along this route is not solely caused by the still air but is supported by the wind that blows into this area causes the air gets colder.
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National Park

The mountain is included in the area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The park consists of mountains and valleys covering an area of 50273.3 hectares. There are several mountains inside the caldera Gn.Tengger among others; Gn.Bromo (2.392m) Gn. Batok (2.470m) Gn.Kursi (2.581 m) Gn.Watangan (2.662m) Gn.Widodaren (2.650m). There are four lakes (ranu): Ranu Pani, Ranu Regulo, Ranu Kumbolo, Ranu Darungan.

Flora in the Region of Mount Semeru, but a lot of diverse types dominated by spruce, acacia, pine, and the type Jamuju. As for the bottom vegetation dominated by Kirinyuh, reeds, tembelekan, Edelwiss harendong and white, Edelwiss that is widely available on the slopes to the summit of Semeru. And also found several species of orchids that live around endernik South Semeru.

Many of the fauna that inhabit the mountain Sumeru, among others: Tiger beetles, leaf monkey, Civet, Deer, Mouse Deer, etc.. While in there Kumbolo Ranu surviving wild grouse.
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First Ascent

The first person to climb this mountain is Clignet (1838) a Dutch geologist from the southwest through Widodaren, then Junhuhn (1945) a Dutch botanist from the north through the mountain-ayek Ayet, mountains and mountain Inder Inder-Kepolo. In 1911 Van Gogh and Heim via the northern slope and after 1945 are generally carried out through the northern slopes climbing through Ranupane and Ranu Kumbolo it is today.